Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Julien Xavier Daubanes Author-Name-First: Julien Xavier Author-Name-Last: Daubanes Author-Email: jxd@ifro.ku.dk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen Author-Name: Fanny Henriet Author-Name-First: Fanny Author-Name-Last: Henriet Author-Email: fanny.henriet@psemail.eu Author-Workplace-Name: Paris School of Economics (CNRS) Author-Name: Katheline Schubert Author-Name-First: Katheline Author-Name-Last: Schubert Author-Email: schubert@univ-paris1.fr Author-Workplace-Name: Paris School of Economics (CNRS) Author-Workplace-Name: University Paris 1 Title: More Gas, Less Coal, and Less CO2? Unilateral CO2 Reduction Policy with More than One Carbon Energy Source Abstract: Natural gas is hoped to effectively help shale gas producing regions meet their carbon emission reduction commitments. We examine an open economy that produces both gas and another, more carbon intensive fuel like coal. In presence of two carbon energy sources, the analysis sharply contrasts with the standard single-energy case in which leakage is less than 100%: We show that, in general, an economy that relies on domestic gas to meet its emission commitment may contribute to increase global emissions. Indeed, gas production releases coal that is exported instead of being consumed domestically, potentially increasing emissions in the rest of the world. In this new context, we establish testable conditions as to whether a governmental emission reduction commitment warrants the domestic exploitation of shale gas, and whether this unilateral strategy increases global emissions. We also characterize the extent to which this unilateral strategy makes the rest of the world’s emission commitment more difficult to meet. Finally, we show how our results apply to the case of the US. Length: 42 pages Creation-Date: 2017-09 File-URL: http://okonomi.foi.dk/workingpapers/WPpdf/WP2017/IFRO_WP_2017_09.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Number: 2017/09 Classification-JEL: Q41; Q58; H73; F18 Keywords: Unilateral climate policy; Carbon emission reduction; Shale gas; Intermediate energy; Gas-coal substitution; Coal exports; Leakage; US policy; Policy counter-effectiveness Handle: RePEc:foi:wpaper:2017_09